I was recently wrestling with pip install cryptography on Fedora 25. I had followed the cryptography documentations and installed the referenced dependencies. But even so, I was still receiving a gcc error when attempting to install the cryptography package (both with Python 2 and Python 3).
It turns out the resolution is to also install the redhat-rpm-config package:
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$ sudo dnf install redhat-rpm-config -y
Once I did this, I was able to successfully installed the cryptography package for Python. This blog post is more of a documentation exercise for myself, but perhaps it’ll help somebody else out in the future!